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<li><a title="數(shù)控文章" href="/bethel/news">數(shù)控文章</a></li> </ol> </nav> </div> <!--/sub_menu--><!-- 面包屑導(dǎo)航結(jié)束 --> <!-- 頁面標(biāo)題開始 --> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="title"> <h3><a>3.3非線性運動誤差校驗<small></small></a></h3> </div> <!-- 頁面標(biāo)題結(jié)束 --> <hr class="featurette-divider"> <!-- 中部開始 --> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="container"> <!-- 正文 --> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="lead" id="print"> <p> <span id="n1l1njb9b" class="16" style="line-height: 14pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0pt;">3.3</span><span style="line-height: 14pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold;">非線性運動誤差校驗</span></p> <p class="NewStyle19" style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 27pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">在前置刀位軌跡計算時，是使用離散直線來擬合工件的外形輪廓。在加工過程中， 只有當(dāng)?shù)段稽c的實際運動為直線時才會與編程精度相符合</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: super;">[27]</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">。而在進(jìn)行多坐標(biāo)加工時， 由于旋轉(zhuǎn)運動是非線性的，由機(jī)床各運動軸線組合成的實際刀位運動會嚴(yán)重偏離編程直 線。因此，應(yīng)對該誤差進(jìn)行校驗，若超過允許誤差時應(yīng)作必要的修正。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle19" style="margin-top:0.0000pt; margin-right:0.0000pt; margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:0.0000pt; text-indent:0.0000pt; mso-pagination:none; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; line-height:19.2000pt; mso-line-height-rule:exactly; "><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">非線性誤差的定義：五軸數(shù)控加工的的刀具軌跡在理論上是由刀具與加工表面的嚙 合關(guān)系所確定的一個連續(xù)函數(shù)，而實際加工中的刀具運動方式為線性插補運動，連續(xù)光 滑軌跡只能用一系列的小直線段進(jìn)行離散逼近，通過線性插補來近似包絡(luò)成型，這樣刀 具運動的包絡(luò)面與加工表面之間就存在一定的逼近誤差，這種由離散線性運動代替理想 刀具軌跡所引起的加工誤差是非線性誤差</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: super;">[28]</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle19" style="margin-top:0.0000pt; margin-right:0.0000pt; margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:0.0000pt; text-indent:0.0000pt; mso-pagination:none; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; line-height:19.2000pt; mso-line-height-rule:exactly; "><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">*</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">非線性誤差控制策略</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle19" style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 27pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">目前減小非線性誤差的方法主要有切觸點偏置法、線性化法和自適應(yīng)線性化法三種。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle19" style="margin-top:0.0000pt; margin-right:0.0000pt; margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:0.0000pt; text-indent:27.0000pt; mso-pagination:none; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; line-height:19.2000pt; mso-line-height-rule:exactly; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; "><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">1. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">刀具切觸點偏置法。該方法通過將刀具沿切觸點的法向方向偏置一定的距離，改 變誤差的分布，消除過切和欠切量。該方法不能保證改變后的誤差是在給定的誤差范圍 內(nèi)，無法精確控制誤差。這種方法在封閉式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)廣泛使用的時期，曾經(jīng)作為一種不得己而采用的措施。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle19" style="margin-top:0.0000pt; margin-right:0.0000pt; margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:0.0000pt; text-indent:26.0000pt; mso-pagination:none; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; line-height:19.2000pt; mso-line-height-rule:exactly; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; "><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">2. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">線性加密法。是將所有插補線段線性分割，對走刀步數(shù)進(jìn)行加密，減小因走刀步 長過大而引起的非線性運動誤差。然而隨著零件的復(fù)雜化和多樣化，數(shù)控加工代碼的數(shù) 據(jù)量也會越來越大，這種加密方式，會造成加工數(shù)據(jù)量急劇加大，會對數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的譯碼 和插補能力造成影響，從而極大地降低數(shù)控機(jī)床的加工能力。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle19" style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 26pt; line-height: 19.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">3. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">自適應(yīng)線性化法。該方法的基本思想是首先判定該非線性誤差是否超過了誤差許 用值，如果超過許用值則將原刀位線性分割再折半分割來減小每一步的刀軸矢量變化， 直到誤差在許用值范圍內(nèi)，從而達(dá)到減小非線性誤差的目的。采用自適應(yīng)線性化法即可 以保證加工誤差不超過公差范圍。在保證加工精度的前提下，最大限度地發(fā)揮了數(shù)控機(jī) 床的加工潛能。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle19" style="margin-top:0.0000pt; margin-right:0.0000pt; margin-bottom:10.1500pt; margin-left:0.0000pt; text-indent:26.0000pt; mso-pagination:none; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; line-height:19.2000pt; mso-line-height-rule:exactly; "><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">在五軸數(shù)控加工時，由于旋轉(zhuǎn)臺的旋轉(zhuǎn)運動和刀具頭的擺動影響，使得在計算非線 性運動誤差時很難精確估計在實際加工過程中工件與刀具的接觸點，加之刀具位置源文 件中只有刀具中心的位置信息以及刀軸的方向矢量信息，沒有對所使用刀具的實際切削 點及形狀等相關(guān)信息的描述</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: super;">[29]</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">。因此，在五軸數(shù)控加工中，無法精確計算具有最大非線 性運動誤差的刀位點。工程實際中往往取中點位置處的非線性誤差作為相鄰刀位之間的 非線性誤差。因此，首先校核原始刀位文件中相鄰刀位之間的非線性誤差，在超差的程 序段中插入新的刀位點。然后再計算對應(yīng)于該刀位點的機(jī)床各運軸的位置</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">（</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="18" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">X</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="18" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">Y</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="18" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">Z</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="18" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">,</span><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="18" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">C</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">), </span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">再次檢驗非線性運動誤差，判斷是否超差，若仍然超差，則繼續(xù)按上述過程插入新的刀 位點，直到滿足要求為止。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle20" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.4pt; text-indent: 0pt; page-break-after: avoid; line-height: 14pt;"><span id="n1l1njb9b" class="16" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">3.4</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 9pt;">本章小結(jié)</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle19" style="margin-top:0.0000pt; margin-right:0.0000pt; margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:0.0000pt; text-indent:26.0000pt; mso-pagination:none; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; line-height:19.2000pt; mso-line-height-rule:exactly; "><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;">本章主要研究后置處理中的相關(guān)技術(shù)，包括加工中心的坐標(biāo)換算和運動求解以及非 線性誤差校驗，并對與論文涉及到的機(jī)床類型進(jìn)行了理想化的運動學(xué)求解，給出了各軸 參數(shù)的推導(dǎo)公式，對<a href='http://m.jiuzhoutongtie.cn/' target='_blank'>五軸加工中心</a>后置處理的一般步驟做出了歸納，為下一步構(gòu)建后置 處理奠定了基礎(chǔ)。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always;mso-break-type:section-break" /> </span></p> <p class="NewStyle19" style="margin-top:0.0000pt; margin-right:0.0000pt; margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:0.0000pt; text-indent:26.0000pt; mso-pagination:none; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; line-height:19.2000pt; mso-line-height-rule:exactly; "> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文采摘自“五軸加工中心后置處理及仿真技術(shù)研究”，因為編輯困難導(dǎo)致有些函數(shù)、表格、圖片、內(nèi)容無法顯示，有需要者可以在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中查找相關(guān)文章！</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle19" style="margin-top:0.0000pt; margin-right:0.0000pt; margin-bottom:0.0000pt; margin-left:0.0000pt; text-indent:26.0000pt; mso-pagination:none; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; line-height:19.2000pt; mso-line-height-rule:exactly; "><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">本文由伯特利數(shù)控整理發(fā)表文章均來自網(wǎng)絡(luò)僅供學(xué)習(xí)參考，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明！</span></p></div> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="blank30"></div> <!-- tag --> <div id="n1l1njb9b" class="blank10"></div> 標(biāo)簽： <a 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